Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva—the thin, transparent layer covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelid. While this condition is often mild, it can be uncomfortable and sometimes highly contagious, depending on its cause. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help individuals manage conjunctivitis effectively and prevent its spread.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

The symptoms of conjunctivitis can vary depending on the underlying cause, but common signs include:

•          Redness in the eye – The inflammation causes blood vessels in the conjunctiva to become more prominent, leading to a pink or red appearance.

•          Watery or thick discharge – Viral conjunctivitis often results in watery discharge, while bacterial conjunctivitis may cause thick yellow or green discharge.

•          Itchiness or irritation – Many individuals experience an itchy or gritty sensation in the affected eye.

•          Swollen eyelids – Inflammation may cause mild to moderate swelling of the eyelids.

•          Increased tear production – Eyes may feel more watery than usual.

•          Crusting of the eyelids – Bacterial conjunctivitis can cause eyelids to stick together, especially after sleep.

•          Sensitivity to light – Some cases may lead to mild photophobia or discomfort in bright light.

Common Causes of Conjunctivitis

This is the most common type of conjunctivitis and is caused by viruses such as adenoviruses. It is highly contagious and often spreads through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Viral conjunctivitis typically resolves on its own within one to two weeks.

Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae can cause bacterial conjunctivitis. This form is also contagious and can spread through hand-to-eye contact, contaminated makeup, or improperly cleaned contact lenses. Bacterial conjunctivitis often requires antibiotic eye drops or ointments for treatment.

Allergic conjunctivitis is a type of conjunctivitis is triggered by allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites. It is not contagious and usually affects both eyes. Symptoms often include itching, redness, and excessive tearing. Antihistamine eye drops and avoiding allergens can help manage symptoms.

Exposure to smoke, chlorine in swimming pools, strong chemicals, or foreign objects can lead to irritation and inflammation of the conjunctiva. This type of conjunctivitis usually resolves once the irritant is removed.

Treatment Options for Conjunctivitis

Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the cause:

•          Viral Conjunctivitis – Since viral conjunctivitis is self-limiting, treatment focuses on symptom relief. Applying a cool compress, using artificial tears, and avoiding touching the eyes can help reduce discomfort.

•          Bacterial Conjunctivitis – Prescription antibiotic eye drops or ointments can help clear the infection within a few days.

•          Allergic Conjunctivitis – Over-the-counter or prescription antihistamine eye drops, avoiding allergens, and using cool compresses can alleviate symptoms.

•          Irritant-Induced Conjunctivitis – Flushing the eyes with clean water or saline solution and avoiding exposure to the irritant can help reduce symptoms.

Regardless of the cause, maintaining good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding eye rubbing, can help prevent the spread of conjunctivitis.

When to See an Eye Doctor

While many cases of conjunctivitis resolve on their own, it’s important to see an eye doctor if:

•          Symptoms persist for more than a week without improvement.

•          Vision is affected or there is significant eye pain.

•          There is a thick discharge or crusting that worsens.

•          Symptoms are accompanied by fever or swollen lymph nodes.

Schedule Your Consultation with SeePort Optometry Today

Conjunctivitis is a common eye condition that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, or irritants. While many cases are mild and resolve with proper care, seeking professional treatment is essential for bacterial infections or severe symptoms.

If you are experiencing signs of conjunctivitis and need expert eye care, contact SeePort Optometry to receive the best treatment for your eye health. Visit our office in North Port, Florida, or call (941) 876-4400 to book an appointment today.